General Stuff About Computer Networks

General Stuff About Computer Networks
In the most generic sense, computer networks a '''llow computers to share data, resources and applications. There are a 8 basic network topologies (Point-to-point, Bus, Star, Ring or circular, Mesh, Tree, Hybrid, Daisy Chain) basic types of networks are LANS (Local Area Networks) and WANS (Wide Area Networks) but there are many more. '''

'''In their simplest form all networks have media, transport, and application layers. '''

'''Two common conceptual models for explaining these layers ( OSI and TC/IP) are compared in an ugly table below. A really sweet table that shows all of the layers including the Logical Link and the Media Access Control sub layers can be seen at: Cross Layer Functions Table<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">. '''

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<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.3082386363636365;margin-top:3pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">We love to talk about this stuff in the Dojo.

==<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">OSI == ==<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">TC/IP == ==<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">TCP/IP Protocols == <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Application  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">HTTP, FTP, Telnet, SMTP, DNS  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Presentation  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Application Layer  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Session  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Transport  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Transport Layer  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">TCP, UDP  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Network  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Network Layer  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IP 
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<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Datalink  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Network Interface  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Physical  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Network Interface  <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Ethernet, Token Ring, etc. 
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<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">No discussion of networks would be complete without discussing client-server <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">software architecture<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> model. It consists of two parts, <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">client<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> systems and <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">server<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> systems. Clients request data and servers serve the data. '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Sometimes one computer is the server AND the client <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">process<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">, this is called a single seat setup. The topic of computer networking is far too complex to cover in a one page overview but below are a number of concepts and links. '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">7 Layer OSI Model 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Application layer<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">NNTP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SIP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SSI<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">DNS<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">FTP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Gopher<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">HTTP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">NFS<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">NTP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SMPP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SMTP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SNMP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Telnet<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">DHCP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Netconf<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">(more)'''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Process communications <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Internet Protocol<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (IP) <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">computer network<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">. Application layer protocols use the underlying <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">transport layer<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> protocols to establish connections <span style="font-size:13px;font-family:Arial;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">. '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Presentation layer

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">MIME<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">XDR

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">It pretty much gets data ready (formatting, syntax etc.) for the Application layer. “Presentation”, get it? See what they did there? '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Session layer

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Named pipe<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">NetBIOS<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SAP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">PPTP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">RTP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SOCKS<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SPDY<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> TLS/SSL'''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Responsible for opening, closing and managing sessions 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Transport layer

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">TCP UDP SCTP DCCP SPX

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Responsible for end to end communications services for applications 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Note: This layer is also in the <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#0000ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">TCP/IP <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> model<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> as well. '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Network layer

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IPv4<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IPv6<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">   <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">ICMP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IPsec<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IGMP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IPX<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">AppleTalk<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">X.25<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">PLP'''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">This is where the <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">packet forwarding<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> and <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">routing<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> happens. '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Data link layer

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">ATM<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">ARP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SDLC<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">HDLC<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">CSLIP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SLIP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">GFP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">PLIP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IEEE 802.2<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">L2TP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IEEE 802.3<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Frame Relay<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">ITU-T G.hn DLL<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">PPP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">X.25<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">LAPB<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Q.921 LAPD<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Q.922 LAPF<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">   <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">LLC<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> and <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">MAC<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> sublayer '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Passes data to nodes correcting occasional physical layer errors when it can. '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Physical layer

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Basically hardware. Literally the physical link between network nodes. '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">EIA/TIA-232<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">EIA/TIA-449<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">ITU-T V-Series<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">I.430<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">I.431<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">PDH<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SONET/SDH<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">PON<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">OTN<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">DSL<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IEEE 802.3<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IEEE 802.11<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IEEE 802.15<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IEEE 802.16<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IEEE 1394<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">ITU-T G.hn PHY<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">USB<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Bluetooth<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">RS-232<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">RS-449'''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Sweet Infographic 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">This picture is worth 10K words 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">courtesy Wikipedia 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">General Network Admin Concepts 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Common Server Form Factors 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Tower 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Rack Mounted 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Blade 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">User Rights 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Log on locally 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Change system time 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Shut down system 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Back up files and directories 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Restore files and directories 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Take ownership of files and alter objects 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Components of a Server 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Motherboard 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Processor 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Memory 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Hard Drives 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Network Connection 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Power Supply 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">User Access/Permissions 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">R Read 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">W Write 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">X Execute 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">D Delete 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">P Change 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">O Ownership 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Network OS’s Core Functions 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Network Support 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">File Sharing Services 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Multitasking 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Directory Services 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Security Services 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Security 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Open Door Type 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Closed Door Type 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">General Network Admin Concepts 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Network Account Types 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Administrator 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">User 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Guest 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Service 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Address Types 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Private Addresses 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Public Addresses 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Address Classes 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Class A Super Large Networks 8 bit 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Class B Pretty Large Networks 10 bit 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Class C 24 bits 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">User Account Attributes 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">User Passwords 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">User Contact Info 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Account Restrictions 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Account Status 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Home Directory 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Dial In Permissions 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Group Membership 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Old School Networks

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Arpanet

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Milnet

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">NSFnet

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">NWLink

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Microsoft Network Stuff

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Active Directory

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Domain Controller

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Exchange Server

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Administrative Installation Image

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Group Policy

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">NTFS New Technology File System

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Apple Network Stuff 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">AppleTalk

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">A List of Lists 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IP_protocol_numbers

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_network_protocols

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_networking_hardware_vendors

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_operating_system<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> (s) 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unusual_deaths

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">List of Common Terms/Quick Definition 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.3082386363636365;margin-top:3pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Logical Addressing<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Alternate to physical address viewed from the perspective of an application 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Digital Certificates<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Binds a public key to an identity 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Frame Relay<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> A cheaper alternative to dedicated lines, sometimes causes overbooking 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Mirror<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">  An exact copy of data. A type of file synchronization '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Ping<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> A network utility used to test round trip time and host availability on an IP network 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Data Encryption<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> A huge security topic not lightly described in one sentence 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Protocol Stack<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">A description of the layers media, transport, and applications ( <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">7 layers in OSI<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">) 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SNA Systems Network Architecture<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Old School IBM Network Stack 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">NAS Network Network Attached Storage<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> An appliance used for file storage and serving 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Address Space <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> A range of addresses with enough numbers to make it unique

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Port <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Port # + IP Address = A unique address to create a physical connection

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client-server <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Client/Server <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Describes 1 or more computers, the <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">server <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> which shares resources with <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">client <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">. ]'''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Directory <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> A file system paradigm that references computer files or other directories

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IP Address <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Unique binary numbers (32 bit<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">in <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IPv4<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> and<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">128 bits in <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IPv6<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">) assigned to a device. '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">File Server <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> A network computer whose sole function is to share files

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_System <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">File System <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> A data store that manages access to content and metadata. ]'''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing) <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Firewall <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Hardware or software that analyzes data packets and keeps the bad guys out. ]'''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">License Server <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> A fancy way of managing licenses

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">NetBIOS<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Most commonly now <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">NetBIOS over TCP/IP

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Protocol Analyzer <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Captures and analyzes signals and data traffic

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendmail <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Sendmail <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Internetwork email routing facility. Supports SMTP ]<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> among others '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Server

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Service Pack

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Subnet

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Subnet Mask<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">(only 9 values possible (0,128,192,224,248,252,254,255) 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">List of Standards Bodies 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Ansi<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">American National Standards Institute 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">ISO International Organization for Standardization

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Common Acronyms 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">WEP  Wired Equivalent Privacy

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">WEP2 Wired Equivalent Privacy

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">WPA Wifi Protected Access

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">BNC Cable<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Bayonet<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Neill<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">–<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Concelman Cable<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">CIDR Notation Classless Inter Domain Routing

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">DNS Domain Name Server

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">UDP User Datagram Protocol

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">FAT File Allocation Table<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> also TFAT32 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">FTP File Transfer Protocol

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">HTTPS<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> HTTP_Secure 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IPX/SPXInternetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">TCP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Transmission Control Protocol is a connection oriented transport protocol 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SMB System Management Bus

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">SSID Service Set Identifier

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">VPN Virtual Private Network

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">NIC<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Network Interface Cards 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">KVM Switch<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Keyboard, Video Mouse 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">RJ-45

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">ARP<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Address Resolution Protocol Converts IP addresses to MAC addresses 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">IP Addresses<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Consist of a network part and a host part. IP is a routable protocol. '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">UDP User Datagram Protocol

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">MAC Media Access Control

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Common Hardware Terms 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Bridges, Routers, Switches and Hubs 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Backbone <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Connects various pieces of the network

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Repeater,<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Hub, Switch<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> I’m using them interchangeably for brevity, they are physical layer devices used to connect other Ethernet devices 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Bridge<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Partition basically turns a large network into two smaller networks. Bridges are generally smart and can translate messages between different protocols in the physical layer. The bridges themselves exist in the network layer. '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Router<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> a router is a node in it’s own on the network with it’s own MAC address and IP address. '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Node<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">(simplified) a node is a connection point 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Segment<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> A portion of the network 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Common Types of Networking Cables 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;">'''<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Who knew there were so many? '''

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Twisted Pair Cables

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;">

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.5833333333333333;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Category 3 cable

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.5833333333333333;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Category 4 cable

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.5833333333333333;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Category 5 cable

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.5833333333333333;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Category 6 cable

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.5833333333333333;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">EAD-socket 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.5833333333333333;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Ethernet crossover cable

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.5833333333333333;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Ethernet over twisted pair

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.5833333333333333;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Networking cables

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.5833333333333333;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000099;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Telecommunications cable

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:32px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">More Stuff 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Ethernet 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Standard Ethernet 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Fast Ethernet 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Gigabit Ethernet 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Types of Firewall 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Packet Filtering

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Stateful Packet Inspection

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> Circuit Level Gateway

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Certifications to look into 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">A+ 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Linux+ 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Network+ 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Server+ 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Security+ 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">MCTS 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">MCITP 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">MCSE 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">MCSA 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.3082386363636365;margin-top:3pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Resources Used 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.3082386363636365;margin-top:3pt;margin-bottom:1pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Networking for Dummies 10in1

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.3082386363636365;margin-top:3pt;margin-bottom:1pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Wikipedia OSI Model<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">, <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">TCP/IP Model<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;"> 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.3082386363636365;margin-top:3pt;margin-bottom:1pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Method 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.3082386363636365;margin-top:3pt;margin-bottom:1pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">1) Read the Dummies book taking extensive notes.   

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.3082386363636365;margin-top:3pt;margin-bottom:1pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">2) Transcribe notes and search terms in Wikipedia. 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.3082386363636365;margin-top:3pt;margin-bottom:1pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">3) Read articles and define and summarize terms. 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Additional Research (to do) 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">Network Security 

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#1155cc;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">http://network-security.alltop.com/

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#000000;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;">http://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/